۞

« the words usually used are khawf and rajāʾ. At a certain stage, the aspirant will continually alternate between these states. See for example Qushayrī, Risāla, p. 319; ʿAbd Allāh al-Anṣārī, Ṣad maydān, text and French translation in Serge de Laugier de Beaurecueil, ‘Une ébauche persane des Manāzil as-Sāʾirīn: Le Kitāb-e Ṣad maydān de ʿAbdullāh Anṣārī’, Mélanges Islamologues d’Archéologie Orientale 2 (1954), p. 61 [30], where Anṣārī describes fear and hope as the two wings of certainty (yaqīn), or as being the two pans of the scales of faith. Both Qushayrī and Anṣārī refer to the tradition that »